Don’t Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content

Beyond Methods and Messenger to the Message.

Randomized controlled trials, the gold standard, have been the backbone for 50 years of advancing medical knowledge to benefit patients. 1 More recently, it has become the gold standard to test selected health policy, health systems, and even economic ideas. The article by Goff et al in this month’s Pediatrics is an example of an elegantly developed and implemented randomized controlled trial t...

Beyond Message Sequen e Graphs

What Is Disinformation?

LIBRARY TRENDS, Vol. 63, No. 3, 2015 (“Exploring Philosophies of Information,” edited by Ken Herold), pp. 401–426. © 2015 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois Abstract Prototypical instances of disinformation include deceptive advertising (in business and in politics), government propaganda, doctored photographs, forged documents, fake maps, internet frauds, fake websites, and manipula...

Roles for auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone in regulating shoot branching.

Many processes have been described in the control of shoot branching. Apical dominance is defined as the control exerted by the shoot tip on the outgrowth of axillary buds, whereas correlative inhibition includes the suppression of growth by other growing buds or shoots. The level, signaling, and/or flow of the plant hormone auxin in stems and buds is thought to be involved in these processes. ...

Variation in the shoot calcium content of angiosperms.

This study describes the variation in the mean relative shoot Ca content within the angiosperms at the ordinal level. Data were derived from studies in the literature in which the shoot Ca content of two or more species had been compared, and from a hydroponic experiment in which plants were selected to represent the relative number of species within each angiosperm order. Across all angiosperm...